Solid composition comprising iron for use in iron deficient conditions

ABSTRACT

An iron-based composition is described. The composition can be used in conditions of total or relative iron deficiency. In particular, a solid composition is described, preferably in the form of powder or granules, for use in the treatment of disorders or diseases related to or derived from an iron deficiency. The composition is suitable for pediatric subjects, adolescents, athletes, men, women, pregnant women and elderly. Finally, a process for preparing the solid composition is also described.

The present invention relates to an iron-based composition, for use inconditions of total or relative iron deficiency. Specifically, thepresent invention relates to a solid composition, preferably in powderor granules form, for use in the treatment of disorders or diseasesrelated to or derived from iron deficiency.

The composition of the present invention is suitable for pediatricsubjects, adolescents, athletes, men, women, pregnant women and elderly.Finally, the present invention relates to a process for preparing saidsolid composition.

It is known that iron therapy is an iron-based therapy suitable forconditions of total or relative iron deficiency in the body: in generalterms, sideropenic anemias (including the iron supplementation topregnant women).

Iron therapy can be carried out both orally, allowing an iron absorptionthrough the intestinal uptake, and parenterally, allowing the absorptionthrough a route other than the intestinal uptake, such as for exampleintramuscularly or intravenously. The iron therapy monitoring isconducted by hematochemical analyses such as for example hemogram andferritin.

In the first event, by oral route, iron salt compositions (mainlyferrous sulphate or gluconate) are administered. However, oral (per os)administration of iron salt compositions has several limits andcontraindications, which restrict the use thereof.

A first limit is that iron salts are poor absorbed. Therefore, in orderto avoid a further reduction of absorption, iron salt compositions haveto be administered between meals. However, buccal iron intake can causeconstipation and epigastralgia leading to the need of administering theiron-based compositions under fed conditions with a consequent andinevitable severe reduction of absorption.

A second limit is that tolerability per os of iron salts, and inparticular ferrous sulphate, is characterized by recurringgastrointestinal (GI) side effects, which in many cases limit the usethereof.

A third limit is that iron salt formulations, presently commerciallyavailable, have a reduced bioavailability.

Therefore, besides a decreased absorption of iron (iron (II) or iron(III)) salts, there is also a reduced bioavailability of ferrous orferric ion itself. Accordingly, the therapy based on iron (iron (II) oriron (III)) salts has to be prolonged over a long period of time andusually comprised from 3 to 6 months until the body iron deposits aresuccessfully restored.

The above-mentioned limits represent only some of those more common andrecurrent. The above-mentioned limits are considered to depend on howthe known compositions based on iron (iron (II) or iron (III)) salts areprepared, the sequence of components being used and the selectionthereof. Basically, an optimum preparation process is believed to bestill established in order to create the suitable chemical-physicalenvironment surrounding the cation iron (iron (II) or iron (III)),allowing the production of a convenient and superior composition.

Finally, the main contraindications deriving from the use of iron saltcompositions are: peptic ulcer, gastritis, ulcerative colitis andmalabsorption.

From the above, it is understood that the selection of iron salt type,iron (II) salt or iron (III) salt, the selection of compounds orsubstances used for formulating said salt and preparing the composition,and the selection of the kind of process employed for preparing thecomposition play a pivotal role.

It would be optimal to have an iron (II)- or iron (III)-basedcomposition in which iron is highly bioavailable and, at the same time,devoid of any limits or drawbacks from the organoleptic point of view(taste, smell, color, long-term stability) and the composition is devoidof limits and disadvantages related to, for example, its hygroscopicity,particle agglomeration, color changing and its solubility.

However, water-soluble and bioavailable iron (II) salts, such as forexample ferrous sulphate, often cause unacceptably color, taste, flavorand smell changes, in particular when said salts are mixed with othercomponents or ingredients to form a final composition. On the otherhand, iron (III) salts are less water-soluble and bioavailable than iron(II) salts, such as for example ferric pyrophosphate. The reducedbioavailability of, for example ferric pyrophosphate, is related to itsmoderate solubility in diluted acid, such as that present in gastricjuice. Nevertheless, iron (III) salts, such as for example ferricpyrophosphate, have the advantage to be more stable and, thus, theychange much less their smell, flavor and taste or their color, when saidiron (III) salts are mixed with other components or ingredients to forma final composition.

Finally, liquid compositions or suspensions containing ferricpyrophosphate, being used for example in the treatment of irondeficiencies, suffer from the poor water-solubility of said iron (III)salt hindering the preparation of said compositions because, amongothers, an insoluble salt precipitate is very often formed, whichhampers the dosage and use thereof.

Therefore, it would be desirable to have a novel iron (III) saltcomposition devoid of the limits and contraindications still existing inthe present, commercially available compositions comprising iron (II)salts and iron (III) salts.

In particular, there is still a need to have a process for preparing aniron salt composition wherein iron (III) is effectively made readilyabsorbable and bioavailable; said process being capable to prepare aniron (III)-based composition which is well-tolerable so that it can beadministered, even under fasting conditions, to all the subjectcategories including pregnant women, has a good palatability and isstable over time from the chemical-physical and organoleptic point ofviews, i.e. devoid of color, smell, flavor and taste changes.

The aim of the present invention is to provide a composition comprisingiron (III) salts which is formulated and prepared such that the iron(III) salt is readily absorbable and bioavailable in an effectivemanner, the iron (III) salt is well-tolerated by the body in order to beadministered, even under fasting conditions, to all the subjectcategories including pregnant women, the iron (III) salt has a goodpalatability and is stable over time from the chemical-physical andorganoleptic point of views, i.e. devoid of color, smell, flavor andtaste changes.

It is an object of the present invention a solid composition for use inthe treatment of total or relative iron deficiencies, which comprisesiron (III) salts, having the characteristics as disclosed in theappended claims.

It is an object of the present invention a solid composition, in powdersor granules form, for use in the preventive or curative treatment ofanemia or iron deficiency in women during both pregnancy and postnatalperiod, having the characteristics as disclosed in the appended claims.

It is another object of the present invention a process for preparingsaid solid composition, having the characteristics as disclosed in theappended claims.

It is another object of the present invention a composition in liquid orsuspension form for use in the treatment of total or relative irondeficiencies, which comprises iron salts, having the characteristics asdisclosed in the appended claims.

It is an object of the present invention a composition in liquid orsuspension form for use in the preventive or curative treatment ofanemia or iron deficiency in women during both pregnancy and postnatalperiod, having the characteristics as disclosed in the appended claims.

It is another object of the present invention a process for preparingsaid composition in liquid or suspension form, having thecharacteristics as disclosed in the appended claims.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be evident from thedetailed description below.

The composition of the present invention is a solid-state composition.By solid state is meant that the composition of the present inventionmay exist in granules or powders form. The granulated or powderycompositions are then mixed with pharmacologically acceptable additivesand excipients to provide a final product such as for example asupplement product, a medical device or a pharmaceutical composition.

The final product can be in a pharmaceutical form such as, for examplepacket, tablet, pastille or capsule.

The composition of the present invention, at solid state as granules orpowders, has a bulk density (measured by equipment and methodswell-known to the person skilled in the field) comprised from 0.3 to 0.8g/ml, preferably from 0.4 to 0.7 g/ml and an iron (III) contentcomprised from 60 to 140 mg/g, preferably from 80 to 120 mg/g, even morepreferably from 90 to 110 mg/g.

Tablets may have various shapes among those known in the pharmaceuticalform field, such as for example a cylindrical or spheroidal shape.Tablets may have a weight comprised from 200 to 2000 mg.

For example, a gel capsule may have a weight of 500 mg, a hard tabletmay have a weight comprised from 800 to 1000 mg, whereas a chewabletablet may have a weight comprised from 1000 to 2000 mg. Capsules mayconsist of hard gelatin or soft gelatin or soft gel.

Tablets can be coated or filmed with one or more coating layers or filmscapable to pass through the gastric barrier. The coating is prepared byusing a beeswax solution or a sugar-based solution.

The solid composition of the present invention is for oral use and canbe a supplement product, a medical device or a pharmaceuticalcomposition (briefly the solid composition of the present invention, forthe sake of brevity).

The solid composition of the present invention comprises or,alternatively, consists of iron salts. Iron salts comprise or,alternatively, consist of iron III salts (ferric (III) salt).

Advantageously, the iron salts are iron (III) salts. Advantageously, theiron (III) salts comprise or, alternatively, consist of ferricpyrophosphate salts.

The solid composition of the present invention comprises an iron (III)pyrophosphate salt in an amount comprised from 30 to 70%, preferablyfrom 40 to 60%, even more preferably from 50 to 55% by weight. In anembodiment, the ferric pyrophosphate being used {[Fe4(P₂O₇)3xH₂O], CAS10058-44-3, dry molecular weight 745.22} is preferably in micronizedform and has an iron content comprised from 18 to 24%, preferably from20 to 22% by weight.

The solid composition of the present invention further comprises,combined with the iron (III) salt, a

lecithin.

Lecithin is a food additive −E322 (Directive No. 95/2/EC of 20.2.95published on O.J. No. L61 of 18 Mar. 1995). Lecithin, due to itschemical-physical properties, primarily plays an emulsifying functionand, being also rich in natural antioxidant substances, has a secondaryantioxidant function as well. Directive No. 2008/84/EC of 27 Aug. 2008(published on European Community O.J. No. L253 establishes the puritycriteria that lecithin have to present in order to be considered of foodgrade quality (E322): Acetone-insoluble (essentially the lecithin activepart): 60% min.; Humidity: 2% max.; Acid number: 35 max.; Peroxidevalue: 10 max.; Toluene-insoluble (essentially impurities): 0.3% max.

From the chemical point of view, lecithin is a mixture of phosphoricacid, choline, fatty acids, glycerol, glycolipids, triglycerides andphospholipids. Phospholipids represent the main components thereof: theyare derived from the triglyceride structure, wherein a fatty acid isreplaced by a phosphate group, which confers a negative charge, andthus, polarity to the molecule; said molecule has the generic name ofphosphatide. A more complex organic molecule, usually serine, choline,ethanolamine, inositol or a single hydrogen atom is bound through anester bond to the phosphate group, giving rise to a phospholipid namedphosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine,phosphatidylinositol or phosphatidic acid, respectively. In a morestrict sense of lecithin, phosphatidylcholine is often designated.Phospholipids are characterized by a polar, water-soluble head,well-dissolving in water, whereas the two saturated fatty acidsrepresent the two non polar, not water-soluble but lipophilic tails.Such kind of molecules are called amphipathic and in the presence ofwater and fats they arrange themselves between the fatty and watermolecules emulsifying them. Lecithin is a natural emulsifier.

The solid composition for oral use of the present invention does notcontain neither a hydrolyzed lecithin nor an enzymatically hydrolyzedlecithin.

The lecithin being used is a powdery non-hydrolyzed lecithin and can beselected from sunflower or maize or soya lecithin. The lecithin beingused is a powdery lecithin having a water content comprised from 1.5 to4.5%, preferably from 2 to 4%, even more preferably from 2.5 to 3.5%.Advantageously, the lecithin being used is a powdery sunflower lecithin.

In an embodiment, the sunflower lecithin has a glucose amount comprisedfrom 20 to 60%, preferably from 30 to 50%, for example about 45% byweight, such as in the product Lecico Sun CG 450 from Lecico GmbHCompany-Germany.

A sunflower lecithin usable in the context of the present invention mayhave the following composition by weight (chemical-physical analysis):sunflower lecithin from 40 to 50%, carbohydrates from 40 to 50% (forexample about 42%), proteins from 6 to 10%, ashes from 3 to 8%, humidityfrom 2 to 5% and a glidant others from 0.5 to 1.5%.

Lecithin is in the solid composition of the present invention in anamount comprised from 0.1 to 1.5%, preferably from 0.4 to 1.0%, evenmore preferably from 0.50 to 0.8% by weight.

The solid composition of the present invention comprises or,alternatively, consists of iron (III) salts and a lecithin (neithernon-hydrolyzed nor enzymatically hydrolyzed) in the above-cited amountsby weight.

Advantageously, the iron (III) salt is ferric pyrophosphate and lecithinis from sunflower and/or maize.

The solid composition of the present invention comprises or,alternatively, consists of iron (III) salts from pyrophosphate and asunflower lecithin (neither non-hydrolyzed nor enzymatically hydrolyzed)in the above-cited amounts by weight.

The solid composition of the present invention further comprises,combined with a lecithin disclosed above, a sucrose ester or sucrester.

Sucresters are obtained by fatty acid esterification ortransesterification of fatty acid methyl esters with carbohydrates,generally sucrose and other polysaccharides, for this reason they arealso referred to as fatty acid sucrose esters. The chemical-physicalproperties of these compounds depend on the number and type ofesterified fatty acids. The abbreviation E473 means that sucresters arefood additives permitted by the European Union legislation and regulatedby ministerial decree (M.D. 1996). They are essentially emulsifiers andare added in order to obtain a better stabilization between an aqueousphase and a fatty phase.

Sucrose esters are sucresters (E473) and are used in the composition ofthe present invention at a HLB value of about 14-18, advantageously aHLB value of about 15 or 16, and used as emulsifiers.

In an embodiment sucrester E473 contains 70% of monoesters, beingobtained by sucrose esterification with vegetable fatty acids (stearicand palmitic).

A sucrester usable in the context of the present invention may have thefollowing composition by weight: total ester content at least 90%; freefatty acids (such as oleic acid) content not greater than 3%; freesucrose content not greater than 2%; humidity not greater than 4%; acidvalue not greater than 5. For example, sucrose esters SP70 from ChimabS.p.A Company-Italy.

Sucrose esters or sucresters exist in the solid composition in an amountcomprised from 10 to 20%, preferably from 12.5 to 18.5%, even morepreferably from 16 to 18.0% by weight.

The solid composition for oral use of the present invention does notcontain neither a fatty acid ester nor diglycerol (diglycerol fatty acidester).

The solid composition of the present invention comprises or,alternatively, consists of iron (III) salts, a lecithin E322 (neithernon-hydrolyzed nor enzymatically hydrolyzed) and sucrose esters orsucresters E473 in an amount by weight as specified above.

The solid composition of the present invention comprises or,alternatively, consists of iron (III) salts from pyrophosphate, asunflower lecithin (neither non-hydrolyzed nor enzymatically hydrolyzed)and sucrose esters or sucresters E473, in an amount by weight asspecified above.

In a preferred embodiment, the solid composition of the presentinvention may further comprise a vegetable starch.

The vegetable starch is selected from rice starches or maize starches.Advantageously, the starch is rice starch. Advantageously, the ricestarch is a gelatinized or pregelatinized native rice starch.

A pregelatinized rice starch usable in the context of the presentinvention may have the following chemical-physical characteristics:humidity not greater than 7%; protein content not greater than 1%; ashcontent not greater than 1%; pH (10% solution) comprised from 5.5 to7.5, density 0.40-0.48 g/cm³; content of starch minimum 97% and fats notgreater than 0.1%. For example, a pregelatinized rice starch AX-FG-P ofReire Srl Company-Italy.

The gelatinized or pregelatinized vegetable starch is in the solidcomposition in an amount comprised from 15 to 40%, preferably from 20 to35, even more preferably from 25 to 30 by weight.

The solid composition of the present invention comprises or,alternatively, consists of iron (III) salts, a lecithin E322 (neithernon-hydrolyzed nor enzymatically hydrolyzed), sucrose esters orsucresters E473 and a vegetable starch, in the amounts by weightspecified above.

The solid composition of the present invention comprises or,alternatively, consists of iron (III) salts from pyrophosphate, asunflower lecithin (neither non-hydrolyzed nor enzymaticallyhydrolyzed), sucrose esters or sucresters E473 and a pregelatinized ricestarch, in the amounts by weight specified above.

It is an object of the present invention a first method for preparing asolid composition of the present invention.

A first method of the present invention is directed to the preparationof a solid composition comprising or, alternatively, consisting of aniron (III) salt, a lecithin and a sucrose ester or sucrester, accordingto the above-described embodiments.

In a preferred embodiment, said first method also contemplates, when theiron (III) salt is contacted with lecithin and sucrose ester orsucrester E473, the use of a gelatinized or pregelatinized vegetablestarch, having the characteristics as described above.

Said first method of the present invention comprises or, alternatively,consists of a series of processing steps through which the iron salt iscoated or enveloped or encapsulated with said lecithin and/or saidsucrose ester or sucrester and/or said vegetable starch.

The solid-state iron (III) salt, advantageously ferric pyrophosphate, isfirstly contacted with said lecithin and then, secondly, with saidsucrose ester or sucrester and/or said vegetable starch.

The salt at solid state as powder or granules has a water content ofless than 3% by weight.

The iron salt containing the cation iron (III) is used in an amountcomprised from 50 to 90%, preferably from 60 to 80%, even morepreferably from 70 to 75% by weight.

Advantageously, the salt is an iron (III) salt. Advantageously, the iron(III) salt is ferric pyrophosphate having the characteristics asspecified above.

The lecithin being used has the characteristics as described above. Thecontact time among the various components is comprised from 1 to 60minutes, preferably from 10 to 50, even more preferably from 20 to 40minutes.

The lecithin being used can be selected from sunflower or maize or soyalecithin. The lecithin being used is a powdery lecithin having a watercontent comprised from 1.5 to 4.5%, preferably from 2 to 4%, even morepreferably from 2.5 to 3.5%. Advantageously, the lecithin used in saidfirst method is a powdery, sunflower lecithin E322.

In said first method for preparing the solid composition for oral use ofthe present invention neither a hydrolyzed lecithin nor an enzymaticallyhydrolyzed lecithin is used.

The lecithin is in the solid composition of the present invention in anamount comprised from 0.1 to 1.5%, preferably from 0.4 to 1.0%, evenmore preferably from 0.50 to 0.8% by weight.

The lecithin, when contacted with said iron salt, arranges itselfuniformly over said salt.

The gelatinized or pregelatinized vegetable starch is selected from ricestarch or maize starch.

Advantageously, the starch is rice starch. Advantageously, the ricestarch is a gelatinized or pregelatinized native rice starch. Thevegetable starch has the characteristics as described above.

The starch is in the solid composition of the present invention in anamount comprised from 15 to 40%, preferably from 20 to 35%, even morepreferably from 25 to 30% by weight.

The starch in the form of gelatinized or pregelatinized starch isadvantageously more fluid and flowable and can be accurately dosedwithout causing errors or weight variations. Furthermore, it arrangesitself in a more even and homogeneous manner. Finally, thepregelatinized starch enhances the bioavailability of the salt and thus,of the cation contained within said salt as the obtained compound isbetter dissolved at temperatures comprised from 15 to 30° C. (pressure 1atmosphere), preferably from 20 to 25° C., even more preferably from 18to 23° C.

Following to said first preparation method, a solid composition of thepresent invention is obtained, which comprises or, alternatively,consists of iron (III) salts, a sucrose ester or sucrester, a lecithin(neither non-hydrolyzed nor enzymatically hydrolyzed) and, preferably, apregelatinized vegetable starch, in the amounts by weight specifiedabove.

Particularly, by said first preparation method a solid composition ofthe present invention is obtained, which comprises or, alternatively,consists of iron (III) salts from pyrophosphate, a sunflower lecithinE322 (neither non-hydrolyzed nor enzymatically hydrolyzed), a sucroseester or sucrester E473 and a pregelatinized rice starch, in the amountsby weight specified above.

The Applicant found that in order to further enhance the bioavailabilityof the salt and thus, of the cation contained within said salt, theamount by weight of lecithin to be used in the process for preparing thesolid composition of the present invention has to be reduced as much aspossible.

Moreover, the Applicant found that in order to further enhance thebioavailability of the salt and thus, of the cation contained withinsaid salt, it is important to use a specific amount by weight of sucroseesters or sucresters in association with a reduced amount by weight oflecithin.

Advantageously, the sucrose ester or sucrester to lecithin ratio iscomprised from 25:1 to 20:1. In an embodiment said ratio is comprisedfrom 20:1 to 15:1.

It is an object of the present invention a second method for preparing asolid composition of the present invention.

A second method of the present invention is directed to the preparationof a solid composition comprising or, alternatively, consisting of aniron salt, sucrose esters or sucresters, a lecithin and a gelatinized orpregelatinized starch.

Said second method of the present invention comprises or, alternatively,consists of a technology developed in order to create a coating orencapsulation around iron so that to improve the cation stability andbioavailability.

Basically, said second method contemplates the formation of agglomeratesor granules comprising the iron salt, sucrose esters or sucresters,lecithin and a gelatinized or pregelatinized starch. All of thesecomponents have the characteristics as specified above.

The sucrose esters or sucresters and lecithin act by enhancing theabsorption of the salt and, accordingly, of the iron cation containedwithin said salt. The admixture with lecithin and starch gives rise tothe formation of “chimeric” agglomerates capable to protect and shieldthe iron cation contained within said salt from gastric acid.

The iron salt containing the iron (III) cation is used in an amountcomprised from 30 to 70%, preferably from 40 to 60%, even morepreferably from 50 to 55% by weight.

The iron salt being used has the characteristics as described above.Advantageously, the salt is an iron (III) salt. Advantageously, the iron(III) salt is ferric pyrophosphate.

The processing time is comprised from 1 to 60 minutes, preferably from10 to 50, even more preferably from 20 to 40 minutes.

The sucrose esters or sucresters are in an amount comprised from 10 to30%, preferably from 15 to 25%, even more preferably from 16 to 20% byweight.

The lecithin being used is a maize or sunflower or soya lecithin. Thelecithin being used is a powdery lecithin having a water contentcomprised from 1.5 to 4.5%, preferably from 2 to 4%, even morepreferably from 2.5 to 3.5%. Advantageously, the lecithin being used isa powdery sunflower lecithin. The lecithin being used has thecharacteristics as specified above.

The lecithin is in an amount comprised from 0.1 to 1.5%, preferably from0.4 to 1.0%, even more preferably from 0.5 to 0.8% by weight.

When lecithin is contacted with said granulate or powder, it arrangesitself over the outer surface of granules or powders.

Thereafter, a gelatinized or pregelatinized vegetable starch selectedfrom rice starch or maize starch is used. Advantageously, the starch isrice starch. Advantageously, the rice starch is a gelatinized orpregelatinized native rice starch. The starch being used has thecharacteristics as specified above.

The starch is in the solid composition of the present invention in anamount comprised from 15 to 40%, preferably from 20 to 35%, even morepreferably from 25 to 30% by weight.

The gelatinized or pregelatinized starch is prepared according to theequipment and techniques known to the person skilled in the field. Therice flour gelatinization process aims to modify its technologicalproperties bringing about a molecular rearrangement of the starchycomponent: said changes allow to provide a greater plasticity andviscosity to the mixtures and improve several characteristics of theproducts in which they are used. The properties obtained bygelatinization and the subsequent structural change of native starchescontained in rice, allow the process to confer a faster hydration and ahigher viscosity to flours. Moreover, the gelatinized starch stronglybinds the water to the starchy matrix itself causing the latter to beless available. Accordingly, a longer storage time and a minor effect ofchemical and enzymatic degradation phenomena are obtained.Pregelatinization is a physical technique (thus it does not contemplateadding other components) which modifies the starch properties and isbased on cooking and subsequent drying of an aqueous native starchsuspension (namely “rough” flour). The pregelatinized starches displaythe pivotal functional property of adsorbing a high amount of water,thus they are used as thickeners and gelling agents in several foodformulations, especially when (and this is the case of rice or maizeflours) the gluten protein fraction is absent. The cooking-extrusion(namely a short treatment at high temperatures and pressures) and dryingcarried out on cylinders represent the more common method for obtainingpregelatinization. In addition, pregelatinized starch-based productsshow good storage characteristics. This is because the water beingpresent is strongly structured and captured within the pregelatinizedstarch matrix, whereby becoming not more available for degradationreactions, while at the same time the thermal treatment abolished someenzymatic (lipase and lipoxygenase) activities which often promoteoxidative rancidity phenomena in “rough” flours and products derivedtherefrom.

In an embodiment, the lecithin is used in an amount comprised from 0.48to 0.62% by weight, whereas sucrose esters or sucresters are used in anamount comprised from 16.5 to 18.5% by weight, relative to the weight ofthe final solid composition of the present invention. These combinationsallow to enhancing the bioavailability of the cation contained withinsaid salt of interest.

Following to said second preparation method, a solid composition of thepresent invention is obtained, which comprises or, alternatively,consists of iron (III) salts, sucrose esters or sucresters, a lecithin(neither non-hydrolyzed nor enzymatically hydrolyzed) and apregelatinized vegetable starch, in the amounts by weight disclosedabove.

Particularly, by said second preparation method, a solid composition ofthe present invention is obtained, which comprises or, alternatively,consists of iron (III) salts from pyrophosphate, sucrose esters orsucresters E473, a sunflower lecithin (neither non-hydrolyzed norenzymatically hydrolyzed) and a pregelatinized rice starch, in theamounts by weight disclosed above.

The solid composition of the present invention has a particle size (thatis understood as average particle size measured by available equipmentand techniques) comprised from 8 to 16 microns, preferably from 10 to 14microns, even more preferably from 11 to 13 microns. The solidcomposition of the present invention has an iron (III) content comprisedfrom 60 mg/g to 140 mg/g, preferably from 80 mg/g to 120 mg/g, even morepreferably from 90 to 110 mg/g.

The solid composition being obtained is for use in conditions of totalor relative iron deficiency, in particular for use in the treatment ofdisorders or diseases related to or derived from iron deficiency.

The solid composition of the present invention, obtained as describedabove, is for use in conditions of total or relative iron deficiency, inparticular for use in the treatment of disorders or diseases related toor derived from iron deficiency.

Advantageously, the composition of the present invention comprising iron(III) salts is prepared through the above-described method (said firstand second methods) so that the iron (III) salt showed to be readilyabsorbable and bioavailable in an effective manner. In addition, theiron (III) salt showed to be well-tolerated by the body. Advantageously,the composition of the present invention can be administered, even underfasting conditions, to all of the subject categories including pregnantwomen. Advantageously, the iron (III) salt as prepared in thecomposition of the present invention has a good palatability and showedto be stable over time from a chemical-physical and organoleptic pointof views namely, when subjected to stability tests, the iron (III) saltdid not bring about color, smell, flavor and/or taste changes.

It is an object of the present invention a liquid composition for use inthe treatment of total or relative iron deficiencies, as describedbelow.

The liquid composition for oral use of the present invention may existas liquid, suspension or syrup form.

The liquid composition of the present invention is for oral use and canbe a supplement product, a medical device or a pharmaceuticalcomposition (briefly, the liquid composition of the present invention,for the sake of brevity).

The liquid composition of the present invention comprises or,alternatively, consists of water, iron (III) salts, a lecithin asdescribed above, sucrose esters or sucresters as described above andguar gum. All of these components have the characteristics andchemical-physical properties, as disclosed above.

The liquid composition of the present invention does not contain neithera hydrolyzed lecithin nor an enzymatically hydrolyzed lecithin.

The liquid composition of the present invention does not contain neithera fatty acid ester nor diglycerol (diglycerol fatty acid ester).

The liquid composition of the present invention has a viscosity(measured under standard conditions and by well-known equipment andtechniques) comprised from 1.01 to 1.12 g/ml, preferably from 1.02 to1.10 g/ml, even more preferably from 1.03 to 1.08 g/ml.

The liquid composition of the present invention comprises iron salts,having the characteristics as disclosed above. The iron salts are ironIII salts (ferric (III) salt). Advantageously, the iron (III) salt isferric pyrophosphate.

The liquid composition of the present invention contains an iron salt inan amount comprised from 1 to 10%, preferably from 2 to 8%, even morepreferably from 4 to 6% by weight, relative to the weight of the liquidcomposition.

The liquid composition of the present invention further comprisessucrose esters or sucresters, having the characteristics as describedabove.

Sucrose esters or sucresters E473 are in said liquid composition of thepresent invention in an amount comprised from 0.10 to 5%, preferablyfrom 0.5 to 4%, even more preferably from 1 to 3% by weight, relative tothe weight of the liquid composition.

The liquid composition of the present invention further comprises alecithin, having the characteristics as described above.

Lecithin E322 being used can be selected from sunflower or maize or soyalecithin. Advantageously, the lecithin being used is a sunflowerlecithin.

In an embodiment, the sunflower lecithin contains a glucose amountcomprised from 20 to 60%, preferably from 30 to 50%, for example 45% byweight as in the product Lecico Sun CG 450 of Lecico GmbHCompany-Germany.

A sunflower lecithin usable in the context of the present invention mayhave the following composition by weight (chemical-physical analysis):sunflower lecithin from 40 to 50%, carbohydrates from 40 to 50% (forexample, carbohydrates 42%), proteins from 6 to 10%, ashes from 3 to 8%,humidity from 2 to 5% and a glidant others from 0.5 to 1.5%.

The lecithin is in said liquid composition in an amount comprised from0.1 to 4%, preferably from 0.5 to 3.5%, even more preferably from 1.5 to2.5% by weight, relative to the weight of the liquid composition.

The liquid composition of the present invention further comprises a guargum.

The guar gum is in said liquid composition of the present invention inan amount comprised from 0.1 to 5%, preferably from 0.2 to 4%, even morepreferably from 0.4 to 2% by weight, relative to the weight of theliquid composition.

In an embodiment, the guar gum is selected from those commerciallyavailable and has a viscosity (cPs, 2 hours) comprised from 3000-4500,preferably from 3500 to 4000; starch-free; with a content ofacid-insoluble substances comprised from 5 to 9, preferably from 6 to 8,for example 7; with a R.U.A comprised from 2.5 to 4%, preferably from 3to 3.5% and a particle size comprised from 100 to 300, preferably from150 to 250, for example 200.

It is an object of the present invention a process for preparing saidliquid composition comprising or, alternatively, consisting of atechnology capable to yield a time-stable composition or emulsion orsuspension depending on the operational conditions being used. Theprocess provides a liquid composition devoid of deposit (precipitates oragglomerates in suspension) and having an even and sustainedconcentration over time.

In an embodiment, the water is in an amount of 90%, or 92%, or 94% byweight. The water is kept under stirring at a temperature comprised from15 to 45° C. (pressure 1 atmosphere), preferably from 20 to 35° C., evenmore preferably from 25 to 30° C.

Next, the sucrose esters or sucresters, lecithin, guar gum and iron(III) salts (having the characteristics as disclosed above) are added inthe amounts specified below. Sucrose esters or sucresters are in anamount comprised from 0.10 to 5%, preferably from 0.5 to 4%, even morepreferably from 1 to 3% by weight, relative to the weight of the liquidcomposition.

Water and sucrose esters or sucresters form a clear solution/suspensionat a temperature comprised from 15 to 45° C. (pressure 1 atmosphere),preferably from 20 to 35° C., even more preferably from 25 to 30° C.

The processing time is comprised from 1 to 60 minutes, preferably from10 to 50 minutes, even more preferably from 20 to 40 minutes.

The lecithin (having the characteristics as disclosed above) is used inan amount comprised from 0.1 to 4%, preferably from 0.5 to 3.5%, evenmore preferably from 1.5 to 2.5% by weight, relative to the weight ofthe liquid composition.

Water, sucrose esters or sucresters and lecithin form a clearsolution/suspension at a temperature comprised from 15 to 45° C.(pressure 1 atmosphere), preferably from 20 to 35° C., even morepreferably from 25 to 30° C.

The guar gum (having the characteristics as disclosed above) is used inan amount comprised from 0.1 to 5%, preferably from 0.2 to 4%, even morepreferably from 0.4 to 2% by weight, relative to the weight of theliquid composition.

Water, sucrose esters or sucresters, lecithin and guar gum form a clearsolution/suspension at a temperature comprised from 15 to 45° C.(pressure 1 atmosphere), preferably from 20 to 35° C., even morepreferably from 25 to 30° C.

Said iron salt (having the characteristics as disclosed above) is in anamount comprised from 1 to 10%, preferably from 2 to 8%, even morepreferably from 4 to 6% by weight, relative to the weight of the liquidcomposition.

At the end of the processing, an opalescent solution or a homogeneoussuspension is obtained. The working temperature is comprised from 15 to45° C. (pressure 1 atmosphere), preferably from 20 to 35° C., even morepreferably from 25 to 30° C. The processing time is comprised from 1 to60 minutes, preferably from 20 to 50 minutes, even more preferably from30 to 40 minutes.

Next, the liquid composition undergoes a thermal treatment, for examplepasteurization. Basically, the liquid composition being at a temperaturecomprised from 20 to 25° C. is heated at a temperature of about 110° C.and then cooled down at a temperature of about 25-30° C. The thermaltreatment step is carried out over a period of time comprised from 1 to3 minutes.

Following to said process for preparing said liquid composition, theliquid composition of the present invention is obtained, which comprisesor, alternatively, consists of water, iron (III) salts, sucrose estersor sucresters, a lecithin (neither non-hydrolyzed nor enzymaticallyhydrolyzed) and a guar gum, in the amounts by weight specified above.

In particular, by said preparation process, the liquid composition ofthe present invention is obtained, which comprises or, alternatively,consists of water, iron (III) salts from pyrophosphate, sucrose estersor sucresters E473, a sunflower lecithin (neither non-hydrolyzed norenzymatically hydrolyzed) and a guar gum, in the amounts by weightspecified above.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the solid compositionsobtained by said first and second methods as disclosed above, can beadded of water together with guar gum to form the liquid composition ofthe present invention.

Advantageously, the liquid composition of the present inventioncomprising iron (III) salts is prepared such that the iron (III) saltshowed to be readily absorbable and bioavailable in an effective manner.Moreover, the iron (III) salt showed to be well-tolerated by the body.Advantageously, the liquid composition of the present invention can beadministered, even under fasting conditions, to all of the subjectcategories including pregnant women. Advantageously, the iron (III) saltas prepared in the liquid composition of the present invention has agood palatability and showed to be stable over time from achemical-physical and organoleptic point of views namely, when subjectedto stability tests, the iron (III) salt did not give rise to color,smell, flavor and/or taste changes. Furthermore, the liquid compositionof the present invention does not originate precipitates, agglomeratesor opalescence as it is highly stable.

The solid compositions for oral use of the present invention, obtainedby said first and second methods, are solid-state (granules oragglomerates or powders) raw materials which are then mixed withpharmacologically acceptable additives and excipients to givepharmaceutical forms for oral use such as tablets, pastilles, capsules,packets.

The liquid composition for oral use of the present invention is mixedwith pharmacologically acceptable flavorings, excipients and additivesto form a syrup or liquid suspension for oral use.

Advantageously, the supplement product or medical device orpharmaceutical composition for oral use comprising the solid or liquidcomposition for oral use according to any one of the above-describedembodiments, is successfully used in the treatment of disorders ordiseases related to iron deficiency in pediatric subjects, adolescents,athletes, men, women, pregnant women and elderly since they preventanemia and are useful for increasing hemoglobin and ferritin values.Said supplement product or medical device or said pharmaceuticalcomposition, in solid form or liquid form, according to any one of theabove-disclosed embodiments is suitable for administration over a periodcomprised from 1 to 5 months, preferably from 2 to 4 months.Advantageously, said supplement product or medical device or saidpharmaceutical composition, in solid form or liquid form, for use inpediatric subjects, adolescents, athletes, men, women, pregnant womenand elderly, is suitable at a dose comprised from 10 to 40 mg of iron(III)/day, preferably from 14 to 30 mg of iron (III)/day, even morepreferably 28 mg of iron (III)/day.

Advantageously, the solid and liquid compositions of the presentinvention are suitable for pregnant women as they increase the birthweight of the newborn, prevent maternal anemia and efficiently affectthe hemoglobin and ferritin values.

In an embodiment of the present invention the solid and liquidcompositions are administered throughout the pregnancy period, inparticular starting from 12^(th) week, until 6 weeks postnatal(postpartum). The recommended dose is comprised from 10 to 40 mg/day,preferably from 14 to 30 mg/day, advantageously 28 mg/day.

Experimental Part

The Applicant conducted an in vivo study in order to test the propertiesof the solid and liquid compositions of the present invention andcompare said properties to those of other commercially known products.

The results relate to a step of the study (4 animals/group) aiming tocompare the effect of different iron-containing formulations to somehematological parameters in the rat.

The study was performed by using male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighingabout 250-300 g (average weight 275±3; n=16). The animals, housed in athermostatic environment (22° C.) and under a 12 hour light cycle (fromh 6 to h 18), had free access to water and food.

The study was carried out according to the European Community directives(86/609/EEC), the guide lines issued by the Ministry of Health (LD116/92; LD 111/94-B) and approved by the local Ethics Committee of theinstitute that performed the study. The study was subdivided into twosteps.

In the first step the iron serum levels following to a single oraladministration (0.5 mg of iron/Kg) of the tested products were assessed.

In the second step, the effects of a daily oral administration over 30days (0.5 mg iron/kg) of the tested products to 4 parameters wereassessed: serum iron, hemoglobin, ferritin and transferrin saturationpercentage.

First step: single bolus administration (0.5 mg of iron/Kg).

The rats divided in 4 experimental groups (4 animals/group) wereadministered with the following formulations:

-   -   i) Vehicle (carboxymethyl cellulose 1%; control group)    -   ii) Iron sulphate-based product    -   iii) Liquid composition of the present invention    -   iv) Solid composition of the present invention

The liquid composition (iii) comprises (100 ml): purified water (94.297g), iron pyrophosphate (4.892 g), sunflower lecithin (1.854 g), sucroseesters or sucresters (1.236 g) and guar gum (Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba)(0.721 g). The density is equal to 1.03 g/ml=100 ml by volume and 103 gby mass.

The solid composition (iv) comprises (100 g): iron pyrophosphate (53.71g), pregelatinized rice starch (28.57 g), sucrose esters or sucresters(17.14 g) and sunflower lecithin (0.58 g). The iron (III) content is112.791 mg.

Each animal from every group was subjected to 8 blood withdrawals(100-200 μl/withdrawal): time zero (before administration), 30 minutesand 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 hours from administration of formulations(i)-(iv). In each blood sample the serum iron levels were measured byatomic absorption.

The results show that the control group has an average value of about1.50 mg/ml, within the range between 30 and 120 minutes fromadministration.

The formulations (iii) and (iv) of the present invention have a peak foriron serum levels greater than 35%, relative to the average value ofcontrol group, immediately after 30 minutes from administration.

Furthermore, the peak remains at constant values over additional 90minutes (overall 120 minutes from administration) prior to starting todecrease. This trend is absent in formulation (ii).

Formulation (ii) has a peak after 30 minutes from administration of lessof about 30% (relative to formulations (iii) and (iv)), then increasesafter additional 30 minutes up to a value of less of about 20% (relativeto formulations (iii) and (iv)), and thus decreases after further 60minutes to a value of less of about 25% (relative to formulations (iii)and (iv)).

Thus, formulations (iii) and (iv) have a higher and more constant peakover time than formulation (ii).

Second step: administration of a once-daily bolus (0.5 mg of iron/Kg)over 30 days. Rats subdivided in 4 experimental groups (4 animals/group)were administered with formulations (i)-(iv).

At time 1 (first bolus administration) and after 15 and 30 days ofadministration of formulations (i)-(iv) serum iron, hemoglobin, ferritinand transferrin saturation percentage were measured. The withdrawalswere taken after one hour from administration, at the hematic peak ofiron, observed in the first step.

The values measured in samples withdrawn at time 1, 15 days and 30 daysof treatment (1 hour following to the bolus administration) for serumiron (mg/l), hemoglobin (g/dl), ferritin (μg/l) and transferrinsaturation percentage (%) show that formulations (iii) and (iv) providehigher and more constant values than those obtained from formulation(ii).

The Applicant performed an in vivo study in order to assess the effectsof different regimens of iron administration to the iron status and theongoing of pregnancy of pregnant women.

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of different iron dosesand regimens to the ongoing of pregnancy and the maternal hematologicalparameters.

80 non-anemic pregnant women (hemoglobin Hb>10.5 g/dL) from 12^(th) to14^(th) weeks of gestation were recruited and randomly divided into 4groups of 20 subjects: control (C; n=20) and 3 additional groups withiron (II) 30 mg/day (Fl; n=20), the solid iron (III)-based compositionof the present invention being prepared according to said first orsecond method at 14 mg/day, a commercially present supplement productnamed SIDERAL® marketed by Pharmanutra S.r.I Company-Italy, (LI 14;n=20) and the solid iron (III)-based composition of the presentinvention being prepared according to said first or second method at 28mg/day, a commercially present supplement product named SIDERAL®marketed by Pharmanutra S.r.l Company Italy, (LI 28; n=20); all thegroups were treated until 6 weeks postnatal. Data and parameters of thesubjects were collected during the recruiting, at 20^(th) week, 28^(th)week and 6 weeks postnatal by means of questionnaires, anthropometricmeasurements and blood sample withdrawals.

The results of the study showed that the groups were homogeneous bymaternal age (average value 30.2±1.2 years) and BMI (average value22.8±1.6 kg/m²).

The group LI 28 shows significantly higher Hb levels than both control(p<0.01) and FI (p<0.05) at 28 weeks and during the postpartum period of6 weeks.

Ferritin levels were significantly higher in group LI 28, at 20 weeks(p=0.05), 28 weeks and 6 weeks postpartum (p<0.01) than control. Thedrop-out for anemia was: C n=6, FI n=5, LI 14 n=5, LI 28 n=2. Inaddition, the birth weight resulted to be significantly higher in groupLI 28 than control (3479±587 vs 3092±469 g, p<0.05). Whereas theplacenta weight, bleeding and gestation period were similar in all thegroups.

The data show that the solid composition of the present invention at 28mg/day increases the birth weight of the newborn and prevents maternalanemia. Similar known results were previously obtained with 40 mg/day ofan iron (II)-based compound. Furthermore, the present study shows thatgroup LI 14 (14 mg/day of iron (III)—the solid composition of thepresent invention) yields the same results of group FI (30 mg/day ofiron (II)—iron (II)-based compound with regards to the hematologicalparameters, whereby the solid composition of the present inventionallows to reducing both the iron dose to be administered and the sideeffects.

1. A method for treating a subject, the method comprising: administeringto the subject a solid composition comprising an iron (III) salt,sucrose esters or sucresters E473 and a lecithin in an effective amountto treat disorders or diseases related to an iron deficiency in thesubject.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said compositionfurther comprises a gelatinized or pregelatinized starch.
 3. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein said iron (III) salt is ferricpyrophosphate; said iron (III) salt is in an amount from 30 to 70% byweight.
 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said sucrose estersor sucresters E473 are in an amount from 10 to 30% by weight.
 5. Themethod according to claim 1, wherein said lecithin is a lecithin E322and is selected from the group comprising the maize, sunflower or soyalecithin; said lecithin is in an amount from 0.1 to 1.5 by weight. 6.The method according to claim 1, wherein said sucrose ester or sucresterand said lecithin are in the composition in a weight ratio from 25:1 to20:1.
 7. The method according to claim 2, wherein said gelatinized orpregelatinized starch is selected from the group comprising rice starchor maize starch; said starch is in an amount from 15 to 40% by weight.8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the iron (III) salt isferric pyrophosphate in an amount from 50 to 55% by weight; the lecithinis sunflower lecithin in an amount from 0.5 to 0.8 by weight; thesucrester E473 is in an amount from 16 to 20% by weight; the gelatinizedor pregelatinized starch is rice starch in an amount from 25 to 30% byweight.
 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein said solidcomposition for oral use has a particle size from 8 to 16 microns; abulk density from 0.3 to 0.8 g/ml and an iron (III) content from 60 mg/gto 140 mg/g.
 10. A supplement product or a medical device or apharmaceutical composition for oral use comprising a solid compositioncomprising an iron (III) salt, sucrose esters or sucresters E473 and alecithin in an effective amount for treatment of disorders or diseasesrelated to an iron deficiency in pediatric subjects, adolescents,athletes, men, women, pregnant women and elderly.
 11. A methodcomprising: administering the supplement product medical device orpharmaceutical composition according to claim 10, to pediatric subjects,adolescents, athletes, men, women and elderly in an effective amount forpreventing anemia and increasing the hemoglobin and ferritin values; orto pregnant women in an effective amount for increasing birth weight ofa newborn, preventing maternal anemia and increasing hemoglobin andferritin values both during pregnancy and after birth.
 12. A methodcomprising: administering the supplement product or medical device orpharmaceutical composition according to claims 10 to pediatric subjects,adolescents, athletes, men, women and elderly over a period from 1 to 5months; or to pregnant women during pregnancy period in an effectiveamount for treatment of disorders or diseases related to an irondeficiency.
 13. A method comprising: administering the supplementproduct or medical device or pharmaceutical composition according toclaims 10 to pediatric subjects, adolescents, athletes, men, women,pregnant women and elderly, at a dose from 10 to 40 mg of iron(III)/day.
 14. The method according to claim 3, wherein said iron (III)salt is in an amount from 40 to 60% by weight.
 15. The method accordingto claim 4, wherein said sucrose esters or sucresters E473 are in anamount from 15 to 25% by weight.
 16. The method according to claim 5,wherein said lecithin is in an amount from 0.4 to 1% by weight.
 17. Themethod according to claim 6, wherein said sucrose ester or sucrester andsaid lecithin are in the composition in a weight ratio from 20:1 to15:1.
 18. The method according to claim 9, wherein said solidcomposition for oral use has a particle size from 10 to 14 microns; abulk density from 0.4 to 0.7 g/ml and an iron (III) content from 80 mg/gto 120 mg/g.
 19. The method according to claim 12, wherein the period isfrom 2 to 4 months.
 20. The method according to claim 13, wherein thedose is from 14 to 30 mg of iron (III)/day.